Human Trafficking A Worldwide Epidemic - 887 Words

Human trafficking, specifically sex trafficking has become a worldwide epidemic. Research for domestic victims is lacking and services are sparse, in part due to the inability of professionals to identity victims. Victims require several services from an array of providers such as mental health counseling, housing, medical and job training. The following paper examines literature that is available and hopes to devise a program that will benefit victims and aid them into a being a successful member of their community and to gain a recovery from their past experiences. The proposed program will address housing, life skills and mental health counseling along with resources for legal aid. Victims will also receive case management to help them navigate their new lives and to find additional resources. Keywords: sex traffic victims, mental health services, long term services for trafficked victims Introduction Human trafficking is a major global health and human rights problem with reported victims in 152 countries (Greenbaum Crawford-Jakubiak, 2015). An estimated 20.9 million men, women and children are trafficked for commercial sex or forced labor worldwide. Approximately 75% of victims are women (2013 Report on Human Trafficking, 2013). When considering sex trafficking 4.5 million people worldwide are victims of sex trafficking and in the United States it is unknown how many men, women and children are sex trafficked (Polaris Project, 2015). In fact littleShow MoreRelatedHuman Sex Trafficking Is an Epidemic Growing Worldwide598 Words   |  2 PagesHuman sex trafficking is an epidemic that has been continuously growing by the minute worldwide. And is the most common form of modern day slavery; slavery today and 200 years ago share the same notion. Around the world there are 12.3 million people being sold into the human sex trafficking industry(caeact.org). It mainly deals with women along with some men and young teens, typically young girls, who are around the age of 16 being used essentially as prostitutes and being sold to random people onRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Dangerous Crime1616 Words   |  7 Pagespolitics. Some of our world’s problems go unnoticed. A problem that seems to go unnoticed that is a worldwide epidemic is human trafficking. Have you heard about human trafficking? Human trafficking is the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation. Human trafficking is a horrible crime that more people need to be aware about. Human trafficking can be described as being a very secretive industry. No one knows what is going on behind the scenesRead MoreThe Sex Trade: Slavery and Prostitution Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesto take action and support anti-sex trade. A future epidemic of women and children affected by sex trade will occur if nothing is done to prevent it. Sex slavery is the new profitable version of prostitution worldwide, with failed prevention acts. Slavery continues to exist since it is a profitable market, it continues to exist and grow, but in new forms involving prostitution and sex. It is a growing epidemic, â€Å"globally, human trafficking is considered the 3rd largest source of profits forRead MorePros And Cons Of Human Sex Trafficking1328 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Ronald Weitzer states that human sex trafficking is defined as â€Å"recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for a commercial sex act.† Adults who sell sex with the help of someone, are not reviewed as trafficking victims. For someone to be punished, the offense must include a severe form of trafficking, including a person under the age of eighteen years old who has been induced to perform a commercial sex act or an adult who has been induced by using forceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Half The Sky 964 Words   |  4 Pagesinto thought about worldwide issues plaguing many countries, including the United States. The global issues surrounding women’s health in the beginning of this book include the topics of: the three types of abuses, the inaccuracy of the term â€Å"sex trafficking†, and the initiatives to stop slavery. The first type of abuse discussed includes sex trafficking and forced prostitution. Many would believe that these two types of abuses are one in the same, but they are not. Sex trafficking involves the actRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Trafficking901 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Smuggling and trafficking continues to be a worldwide plague that has been, thus far been largely ignored by the international community. The paramount reason human trafficking and smuggling has festered and grown roots and spread globally. It started as a grassroots effort on the local level where women and girls (it affects boys as well) would be used and sold for sex. Eventually, greed and corruption tagged along for the ride and at that point the crimes became an organized enterprise. AtRead MorePornography Addiction Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesSexual exploitation by selling sex is one of the oldest businesses in human history. But the world has never seen such an increase in the acceptance of por nography than in the last 25 years. Neither has the world ever been in a place where sexually explicit material is so accessible to everyone, in the privacy of their own homes, due to the internet. Because of the growth of the social acceptance and universal accessibility of pornography, the effects have been widespread and damaging. PornographyRead MoreEssay about Taking a Brief Look at Human Trafficking1733 Words   |  7 PagesTrafficking in persons is a serious crime and a grave violation of human rights. Every year, thousands of men, women and children fall into human trafficking. It is said that 12.3 million people are trafficked worldwide. On average, only 1 person is convicted for every 800 trafficking cases worldwide (All material  © 2014). Human Trafficking is the illegal trade of human beings for commercial sexual exploitation or forced labor. During the medieval times human trafficking was introduced to the worldRead MoreEssay on The Devastating Effects of Human Trafficking in South Africa889 Words   |  4 Pagesworld today is human trafficking. Annually, about 600,000-800,000 people are trafficked across international borders, mostly consisting of women and children. Although this is an issue worldwide, it is especially an important issue in South Africa. I have chosen this topic because many people are not aware of this issue. Trafficking also violates human rights—especially the rights of women and children. This issue relates to the topic of â€Å"Children in the World.† Although trafficking affects peopleRead MoreThe Business Of Modern Day Slavery And Drug Trafficking1139 Words   |  5 Pagesof Modern Day Slavery and Drug Trafficking There are approximately 3,287 men, women, and children stripped of their freedom daily. That is equivalent to 136 people per hour. Many are kidnapped from their families, sold by family members to pay off debts or exchanged for drugs. Human trafficking has become the second most profitable illegal business worldwide with the trafficking or smuggling of drugs being at the top of the list. Human smuggling and trafficking with its high demand from both

The Different Types Of Government - 868 Words

The three different types of government in this text are very different. The first of the governments with Niccolo Machiavelli did not believe a divine rule. The second one with Thomas Hobs believed that there was some type of divine rule. The third had Niccolo Machiavelli, he was a Florentine statesman and a political theorist, which is â€Å"someone who engages in a constricting or evaluating political theory and is used to describe and evaluate political events and institutions.† (Dictionary.com) He was not that much of a religious person and he believed what people only ruled by themselves and with any divine help. He also believed that a prince should remove ethics from political things and that a prince should just maintain himself. Machiavelli also had something to say about religion, â€Å"For him religious value derived from other factors is a ruler that could utilize religion to unite his subjects and to foster obedience to law† (Perry 9). He was really saying that he used religion when he needed to. He was telling the princes that they do not have to be religious be that if you use religion that that people will listen to you. Lastly, Niccolo Machiavelli also did not believe that you needed to care what the people think only if the people are okay. He was a very successful ruler. He told the princes that you could be considered many things like â€Å"liberal, another... miserly†¦ one a free giver, another rapacious; one cruel another merciful†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Show MoreRelatedThe Different Types Of Government1896 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction When we speak of the government a lot of questions runs through the minds of people such as, where did it start from? who where the founders of government? how did the different types of government come about? During the first civilization in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Mexico and other places there where small communities know as kingdoms. These Kingdoms were governed by Kings, and from this civilization was established. These kings had different ways of ruling their kingdoms andRead MoreDifferent Types Of Government Essay1005 Words   |  5 PagesGermany In Germany, there is no central regulator for water supply and sewerage sector. There are different forms of ownership in terms of service providers. Municipality is most frequently involved in some type of ownership structure, but there are also concessionaires. Water and sewerage tariffs are approved through different procedures in every province, usually within the department of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs, after a request for the tariff increase is reviewed by the independentRead MoreDifferent Types Of Government Contracts2207 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction There are several types of government contracts, and the differences between them are not trivial. Each requires a unique approach to bidding and a unique approach to performing the work. Understanding the distinct challenges and opportunities of each contract is vital if your business is to succeed as a government contractor (Deltek, 2012). The first step in exploring and understanding the different types of federal contract is to understand what a contract is. Contract means a mutuallyRead MoreAristotle s Politics : Government Enterprise Within The Context Of The Different Types Of City States Essay1925 Words   |  8 PagesAristotle s Politics discusses government enterprise within the context of the different types of city-states. While the work includes details about the basics of political science, Aristotle largely focuses his attention on the question of regimes during this time period, presenting the distinctive elements that compose these regimes. Aristotle structures this work to build upon the different elements of a city-state and their differences. Society is marked by unequal positions of power and privilegeRead MoreForms Of Government And Its Effect On National Identity980 Words   |  4 PagesASSIGNMENT 1: FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Each country has its own unique form of government that helps shape its national identity but experts identify at least nine forms of governments. These are Communism, Marxism, Socialism, Monarchy, Republic, Dictatorship, Totalitarianism, Anarchy and Tyranny. All the other types are just modifications and improvements of these nine so that they can be suitable for that particular country. Communism, according to Remy Melina, is that form of government where in the rulingRead MoreLao Tzu Vs. Machiavelli850 Words   |  4 PagesGovernment (Lao-tzu V. Machiavelli) What is government? Government is the governing body of nation, state, or community. Government determines the way any group of people are ran. There a several different types of government used all around the world. In the United States for example, uses a type of government that has three different branches of power. The Legislative Branch is the law making branch. The Judicial branch is the courts and the low enforcement. Lastly, the Executive branch is theRead MoreRole and Functions of Law842 Words   |  4 Pagesthey keep society members in check and prevent chaos from running amok. In this paper I will discuss the major roles and functions of law will be discussed including constitutions, statues and common law, law classifications, and finally the different types of courts. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, Langvardt, 2007) Role and Functions of Law In order to determine the functions or role of the law in society and business Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary gives the following definition. Law is definedRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages: Federal, Confederate and Unitary Systems of Government!662 Words   |  3 Pagesand Unitary Systems of Government! The unitary government    is often described as a centralized government. It is a government in which all powers held by the government belong to a single, central agency.  The majority of all worlds’ governments are Unitary. For example, Great Britain. Some advantages of a Unitary Government are; uniform policies, laws. Enforcement and administration throughout the country. This is a huge beyond huge positive trait of a Unitary Government. Also, there are fewerRead MoreCommunism, Capitalism, and Socialism Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesThree different types of economic systems used by governments are Communism, Capitalism, and Socialism. Each type of system is unique in different ways. Each has distinct aspects that make it what it is. In communism, the government runs everything and there are no social classes. The government in capitalism doesn’t interfere with any businesses and lets the citizens own and operate them. Socialism is basically a mixture of th e two economic systems. The government runs certain businesses,Read MoreThe Strategic Challenges Of Homeland Security1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthe government (local or federal) is solely in charge of terrorism preparedness. It takes many groups and many people. On a local standpoint, there are town halls where people can go and learn about what terrorism is and how it could affect the local area. There are also people within the local government that have resources within the federal government that can work together and share thoughts, ideas, and resources to work together to come up with a plan. These plans include the types of critical

Progressive Presidents Essays Free Essays

Progressive Presidents Essays These Presidents had similar and different political views and elements. They all wanted to expand American influence, but had different way of handling it. Progressive Presidents, Teddy Roosevelt William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson were all considered to be the first modern presidents they all progression toward better conditions in government and society. We will write a custom essay sample on Progressive Presidents Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now They also sought to expand the power Of the federal government. Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson also recognized that the nation government was going to have to deal with big equines and would have to get big to do so. They all want to expand American influence across the world, but had different ways of going at it. Theodore Roosevelt had US troops advance in foreign countries in make sure that they were stable enough to invest in the country, while William Harvard Taft and the only Democrat, Wilson, felt sending large amounts of American goods to other countries would strengthen American bonds at least from an economic stand point. The Progressive Presidents did have success in their unifying goals of spreading American impact, power, and interests, but eased a lot of resources getting their. All in all the Progressive Presidents did what they wanted to do and set the groundwork for the America we have today. The Progressive Presidents brought changes to American work life and family life that started a new era for society. They gave new life to the US and established ground for growth. The Progressive Presidents acted to change American life by working for women’s suffrage, federal regulation, labor and health legislation for women and children, eight hour work days, minimum wages, and social insurance for health, unemployment and old age. The changes affected American life greatly. It aloud for empowerment of women and working strategies that affected working procedures and the way companies now had to treat its workers. The impacts of these policies are still in affect today. We still have the policies like the Clayton Act that exempted unions from anti-trust laws and made it easier for them to strike, The Keating-Owen Act that out laded child labor in manufacturing, and Adamson Act that mandated an eight hour work day for railroad workers. In conclusion the Progressive Presidents instituted laws and established acts hat greatly affected American life and business. The changes that were made by the Progressive Presidents greatly improved the American business world and made it safer, morally better, and more meaningful for all. Teddy Roosevelt decisions to run for a third term after Taft had a lot to do with the way Taft acted as President. Even though Roosevelt pick Taft to be his successor and that both Roosevelt and Taft were Republican, they had different views on what was the best for the country and how they should go about acting on it. Roosevelt lost his first race against Taft, but that didn’t stop IM from trying again. The Bull Moose Party was a Progressive Party founded by Theodore Roosevelt during the presidential campaign that allowed for four presidential candidates in 1912. We’ve come to a place where putting out fresh ideas is dangerous in politics. Candidates do not give a set plan. Roosevelt campaigned with an agenda. He told the convention, â€Å"Use me up and cast me aside. † The goal was moving along the Progressive Party’s vision for what the new America in the 20th century should be. Roosevelt determination to run for reelection did end up giving us a good example on how politics should be run today. Though we do not follow his example as we should there is a lot to be learn from what he has done. The Progressive Presidents had the common element of wanting to expand American influence and marked the foregrounds of the strong nation we have today. Roosevelt knew that the building Panama Canal would be the perfect place to spread American influence and international prominence because ships from all over the world would have to pass through the canal and deal with the US. Giving the US a prominent name to internationally trading countries. Theodore Roosevelt had US troops advance in foreign entries in make sure that they were stable enough to invest in the country, while William Harvard Taft and Wilson felt sending large amounts of American economic stand point. These actions set a stage for America to be ready to be a major impact in global influence and the perfect time did arise later during Woodrow Willow’s time as President, The Great War. The way our Progressive Presidents connected business and the geographical opportunity of the Panama Canal set the soil in which our new rapidly growing nation would be founded. The work they did set influence and international prominence that was essential to where we are today. How to cite Progressive Presidents Essays, Essays

Everything Bad Is Good for You free essay sample

The Innovation of Educational Tools Playing video games and watching TV shows are beneficial types of popular culture. Conventional wisdom would argue that new media is a bad influence and that the only way to be intelligent is by reading. In the book Everything Bad is Good For You, author Steven Johnson, argues that even though our popular culture seems to get dumber, it is actually getting smarter. Johnson proves his arguments by comparing and explaining the benefits of the complexity of modern video games, television shows, and movies that require active participation and critical thinking in order for players and viewers to understand what is going on. Modern popular culture requires a lot of mental work, active engagement and problem solving. Rather than being the mindless, mind-numbing time-wasters as conventional wisdom believe, these activities strengthen problem-solving, reasoning abilities and skills that can help people in their daily lives and professions. In addition, Johnson explains that the reason why popular culture is becoming harder is because our brain likes to be challenged and the entertainment industry makes a profit by creating complicated video games, TV shows and new technology because that is what people want. As a result, new media should be approached as a new tool that helps society to become more analytically prepared for real life situations. According to Johnson, popular culture improves the way young people think. Video games for example require that players improve their skills and master certain levels before moving to the next one. Popular culture critics judge video games by its content, not by the way it is played, which challenge the players to solve problems. Although the old fashioned entertainment of reading has a lot of rewards, so do video games. For example, Johnson at one point points out that, â€Å"the culture is getting more intellectually demanding, not less† (9). Our culture is getting more complex; therefore, we are getting smarter in mastering it and video games are part of that reason. Johnson says that people get smart because video games are not just about eye and hand coordination; video games require thinking: â€Å"when you put the game down and move back to the real world, you may find yourself mentally working through the problem you’ve been wrestling with, as though you were worrying a loose tooth† (25 26). Games are clearly not just shooting something down; it requires strategies, it is challenging, it is frustrating and not always fun. Gaming improves the way people think because even after playing the game, players continue formulating ideas in their brain on how to overcome challenges they face in video games. As a result, video games are not â€Å"dumbing people down;† it makes players â€Å"think outside the box† in order to understand its complexity and overcome obstacles. Video games are popular, not because of their flashy graphics, but because of the way it inspires players to think and seek out rewards and explore environments. Johnson describes how video game players have to work mentally while playing in order to progress in a game: â€Å"†¦the mental labor of managing all these simultaneous objectives [is] ‘telescoping’†¦ this skill lies in focusing on immediate problems while still maintaining a long-distance view. You can’t progress far in a game if you simply deal with the puzzles you stumble across; you have to coordinate them with the ultimate objectives on the horizon† (54). In order for a player to beat the game, the player must organize short and long term objectives psychologically while playing the game. It shows that playing video games requires critical thinking to prioritize objectives and be successful. Conventional wisdom believe that playing video games does not require thinking. However, playing video games clearly requires a more complex type of thinking than reading books because the player has to act in the moment, while planning his/her next move. Therefore, playing video games are not making a person stupid. Popular culture has been growing more sophisticated with each passing year, and far from rotting our brains, it’s actually setting new cognitive challenges that are actually making our minds measurably sharper. Like video games, popular culture is cognitively enhancing its audience through modern TV shows. Johnson demonstrates this by comparing early TV shows to the modern ones. Johnson describes a scene of an early TV show where a girl left the door open: â€Å"As the door shuts behind her, the camera swoops in on the door knob, and we see that she’s left the door unlocked. The camera pulls back, and then swoops down again, for emphasis. And then a flashing arrow appears on the screen, with text that helpfully explains: ‘door unlocked! ’† (73). In order for a viewer to understand this scene, the viewer simply has to follow the arrows. The scene clearly does not require the viewer to think about what is going on because everything is explained with details and the viewer already knows what to expect. On the other hand, Johnson explains the complexity of modern TV shows that require viewers to think: â€Å"†¦viewers of shows like Hill Street Blues in the eighties no doubt had moments of confusion where the sheer number of simultaneous plots created present-tense mystery: we’d forget why Renko was wearing that busboy outfit because we’d forgotten about the earlier sequence introducing the undercover plot† (76). It is difficult to understand this scene unless the viewer remembers what had happened before to fill in the missing information. Without any doubt, viewers of modern TV shows have to pay more attention and think critically about what is going on, what happened and what is going to happen. TV shows aren’t easy like before, now the viewer has to analyze everything or else they will not understand the show because there aren’t any flashing arrows. Similarly, reality television shows are strengthening society’s skill to solve social problems. Conventional wisdom would argue that viewers watch these shows because they enjoy watching contestants being humiliated. However, people like watching modern TV shows because they are challenging and also because viewers like to solve problems by filling in missing information. Johnson explains where the viewers’ satisfaction comes in watching reality TV shows: â€Å"The pleasure in these shows comes not from watching other human beings humiliated on national television; it comes from depositing other human beings in a complex, high-stakes environment where no established strategies exist, and watching them find their bearings† (94). Evidently, viewers do not watch reality shows to laugh at participants being bullied or criticized, but rather to watch participants strategize in their constantly changing environments. Therefore, viewers learn how to be socially competent by placing themselves in the contestants’ situations. As a result, the audience learns to develop important skills that can be useful in their professional lives. Finally, the reason why society focuses so much on popular media is because it delivers cognitive exercises in the most interesting ways. The driving force behind popular culture is the human brain; our brain wants to solve problems because it desires challenges. According to Johnson, the assumption about the brains cravings for mild amusements and quick pleasures is backward: we are a problem-solving species, and when we confront situations where information needs to be filled in, or where a puzzle needs to be untangled, our minds compulsively ruminate on the problem until weve figured it out (181). If the brain is presented with a problem we want to solve it. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the brain welcomes challenges and is willing to solve problems it faces. Clearly popular culture is a complex medium that provides multiple avenues where our problem solving skills are tested and strengthened. According to Johnson, advancement in technology is one of the driving forces behind the complexity of popular culture. Technology of repetition allows viewers to have control over what they want to watch, having an impact on the quality of television programming and the producers. Johnson explains that in order for the entertainment industry to make a profit, they need to make something interesting and complicated: â€Å"Design each title so that it can be watched many times, and you’ll end up with more interesting and more challenging culture. And you might just get rich along the way† (166). In order for an industry to make money, it must create something that will challenge the viewer so the viewer will re-watch the show. However, to allow the viewer to re-watch the TV show, the viewer needs a repetition technology. Johnson introduces the modern technology that allows viewers to have a better understanding of the TV shows: â€Å"[The] proliferating new recording technologies [or] technologies of convenience: [allows] you [to] watch what you want to watch, when you want to watch it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (168). New technologies of repetition allow viewers to analyze a complicated or interesting modern TV shows to have a deeper understanding. Clearly, a TV show must be interesting and complex in order for a viewer to have some interest in re-watching the show. As a result, the entertainment industry must meet society’s hunger for new challenges in popular culture to continue making a profit. In conclusion, popular culture is a new educational tool that helps society strengthen their problem-solving skills and become analytically prepared for their social life and profession. Modern technology is in fact a positive influence on a person’s intellectual development. Conventional wisdom must realize that everything changes over time. The way we solve problems now is different from back then. We live in a new era; we are now able to face problems in ways we never have before. Because of this, conventional wisdom cannot deny the benefits of popular culture. Popular culture is an improved educational tool that helps society understand the world we live in today. Works Cited Johnson, Steven. Everything Bad is Good For You. New York: Riverhead Books, 2005. Print.

Walt Whitman Writings Essays - Brooklyn Eagle, Mystics, Walt Whitman

Walt Whitman Writings Perhaps the most basic and essential function of poetry is to evoke a particular response in the reader. The poet, desiring to convey on emotion or inspiration, uses the imagination to create a structure that will properly communicate his state of mind. In essence he is attempting to bring himself and the reader closer, to establish a relationship. William Carlos Williams contends that "art gives the feeling of completion by revealing the oneness of experience" (194) This argument relies on the precept that art is reality is not nature or a reflection of nature but a completely original creation. And additionally, that art is holistic, where one can experience the whole of reality through a particular. A poet's task is to write poetry that the reader can identify with, something congruent with the thoughts of those he is writing for (or to). If this can be accomplished, a connection is established, and poetry can act as a catalyst to initiate the imagination. In my first paper this semester I argued that Whitman uses sexual imagery as a rhetorical tool to arouse the reader. The result of this is congruent emotions within poet and reader that demonstrate an effective use of tone, through which Whitman can address the reader. "The mystic deliria, the madness amorous, the utter abandonment,/ (Hark close and still what I now whisper to you" (77). Whitman is specking directly to the reader, through an all-encompassing god-like persona. In "Song of Myself" Whitman reinvents himself as all of reality, and through the use of tone and imagery (shot establishes a relationship) draws the reader into his world. Williams' poetry is an attempt to establish a communion, of sorts, with the reader, as well. His poetry is an exploration of momentary images, a jagged journey through personal perception, that the reader can relate to. Williams' diction and visual presentation of words resists the artificial; his poetry has a rhythm that is natural and American, a gregarious appeal to the common man. In Spring and All Williams creates a persona that is appealing, establishing a relationship and affecting the reader. Both Whitman and Williams create a harmony between themselves and the reader that suggests the universality of experience. The creation of an acceptable persona is essential to Whitman's poetic program. In "Song of Myself" this is accomplished through a congenial style that consists of unbridled enthusiasm, a friendly voice; an image emerges of Whitman shouting at the reader, saying "Look what I've discovered!": "Stop this day and night with me and you shall possess the origin of all poems,/ You shall possess the good of the earth and sun" (25). His poetry is often conversational, lacking a highly structured form. From the beginning of "Song of Myself" it is clear that the poem is not merely a static, decorative creation, but that it is an act of communication between the poet and reader. When Whitman writes "what I assume you shall assume,/For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you" (23), he implies a meeting of minds; not only is he going to address us but he is going to persuade us' because, he argues, we are all the same. He establishes a persona by not only speaking to us, but for us. Whitman becomes one with his audience, the American people' by presenting himself as the "archetypal average American" (xxvii). The persona that one senses emerging from Williams in Spring and All is a justified arrogance, a writer that will completely ignore convention in order to establish a tone. His mixture of verse and prose suggests a pragmatic technique, a willingness to use whatever means necessary to connect with the reader. In "Flight To the City," he explores imaginative associations connected with the night sky, and follows it with the statement, "So long as the sky is recognized as on association" (187). He speaks to the reader with sincerity, with an enthusiasm that often descends into madness: If I could say what is in my mind in Sanscrit or even Latin I would do so. But I cannot. I speak for the integrity of the soul and the greatness of life's inanity; the formality of its boredom; the orthodoxy of its stupidity. Kill! Kill! let there be fresh meat . . . (179) Spring and All is a map of Williams' imagination, a collection of poems cemented by "prose" explanation. He wants to leave no doubt about what he is expressing, presenting himself as his own critic. Like Whitman, the reader becomes part of Williams'

The structure of UK tour operations market Essay Example

The structure of UK tour operations market Essay Example The structure of UK tour operations market Essay The structure of UK tour operations market Essay 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Terms of reference This report is the result of an investigation on the UK outbound tour operating market for Cole Venture Capital. The objective of this report is to give a clearer understanding of the structure of UK tour operations market and give recommendations on whether investment in such industry will be profitable for Cole Venture Capital. 2.0 Historical Review 2.1 Developments 1945-1960 Overseas travelling increased after World War Two. This was due to social, economical and technological improvements of their respective environment. The first air tour was credited to Vladmir Raitz whose Horizon Holidays bought surplus Douglas Dakota troop carrying aircraft from the army to carry 32 holiday makers on a trip to Corsica in 1950 (Yale 1995). The availability of cheap transport plus the lower accommodation and food costs in Spain and other Mediterranean countries made foreign holidays affordable to a generation emerging from war-time austerity and looking to enjoy the social equality and economic prosperity promised by governments of the era (Holloway 2002). 2.1.1 Development 1960s to 1980s The removal of visa requirements and the gradual easing of exchange controls encouraged further growth of foreign travel. The demand for travelling was largely met through inclusive tours rather than independent travel. This was because British people liked security of booking holidays from tour operators because the tour operators reduced the fear of the three Fs- flying, foreigners and foreign food (Yale 1995). Technological development continued to shape the tourism business. The introduction of Boeing 747 making it possible to travel in less time, made travelling more appealing (Yale 1995). Other factors, which influenced this growth, were the tour operators three main competitive advantages, which are low price due to bulk purchase of flights and hotels, quality assurance of well-known brand, and convenience booking through a local travel agent (Sharpley 2002). 2.1.2 Major developments 1980s to 2000 With the emergence of Thompson (Now TUI UK) as market leader, companies were adopting price led competitive strategies as consumers were expecting lower price. Thompson used its financial strength to pursue a strategy to gain market shares through cost leadership (Porter 1980 in Sharpley 2002). One of Thompsons major strength is that it is a vertically integrated company. Thompson owns the charter airline Britannia as well as retail chain Lunn Polly. Vertical integration has given Thompson more bargaining power with suppliers (Sharpley 2002). As a result of Thompsons tactics smaller operators were driven out of business and the sector became very much oligopolistic (Holloway 2002). One of the major developments during this period was the horizontal integration between Thompson and Horizon. The merger confirmed Thompson as the market leader, however the price wars have undermined the profitability of the whole sector (Yale 1995). The collapse of International Leisure Group (ILG) the second largest tour operator in 1991 signalled the full impact of the cutthroat nature of the industry (Yale 1995). By the mid 1990s a massive buying spree by Thompson and its rivals has changed the industry dramatically. The top four operators have spent millions buying other smaller tour operators and travel agents in the rush for dominance in the UK market. It all started with the Monopolies and Mergers Commission After several years of investigation, the UK Governments Monopolies and Mergers Commission announced at the start of 1998 that the foreign package holiday market was broadly competitive and served the interests of the customer well (Sharpley 2002). The report did impose three significant rulings on the sector: 2.1.3 Travel agents could no longer make discounts on the price of holidays conditional on the purchase of their preferred travel insurance scheme 2.1.4 Tour operators could no longer impose conditions on travel agents banning them from offering bigger discounts on other companies products 2.1.5 The big integrated companies now had to display their ownership links on the inside and outside of their agency shops and on brochures The MMC said the big operators had to make their ownership links more transparent. For example, Thomson Travel Group had to ensure that its travel agency chain Lunn Poly clearly stated its ownership links in its high street shops. The ruling of MMC meant the big companies were going ahead with more acquisitions (Holloway 2002: 227-231) 3.0Â  Structure of the travel and tourism industry 3.1 Structure The tour operating sector in the UK travel industry is dominated by the four big players- Airtours PLC, Thompson Travel Group, Thomas Cook and First Choice Holidays PLC. Between them they control 60% of the market (Sharpley 2002). To be a tour operator a licence (ATOL) is needed from the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). An operator buys aircraft seats, hotel accommodation and other services or products required to make up a package holiday and sells them to the general public, traditionally through the travel agent but nowadays also directly to the public by various means including the internet. They make these purchases off principals in bulk, which generates economies of scale, thus making savings, which can be passed on, to the customer (Holloway 2002). The essential link in the process of selling holiday products is the brochure, which communicates the product to the customer, but as mentioned the Internet is becoming increasingly important. The barriers to entry are low, however it is very hard to compete with big tour operators. To survive it is essential to concentrate on a niche market or buy market share through integration (Sharpley 2002). The current structure of UK tour operating as mentioned by Sharpley (2002) is characterised by: 3.1.1 An elite group of about 10 vertically and horizontally integrated tour operators who collectively account 70 percent of the air holiday market. This group includes big players like Airtours and Thompson who are mass tourism operators. 3.1.2 A central group of established medium sized operators who have a strong niche market presence. They carry 100,000 to 300,000 passengers a year, however in recent years these companies have been taken over by big players for example Direct Holidays is now part of Airtours. 3.1.3 A very large number of small but specialised operators who carry less than 100,000 passengers a year. These operators focus on specific markets or destination. (Sharpley 2002:76). 3.2 Integration in tour operating In November 1996 Thomson and Airtours were referred to the Mergers and Monopolies Commission as part of an investigation covering the entire holiday industry. The investigation focused on vertical integration and whether travel agents sell their own holidays in preference to those of other operators or control their domination of the package holiday industry to control supply and fix prices. A further issue that was considered was brochure racking and switch selling, that is whether the larger travel agents such as Lunn Poly were giving preference to their own parent company when displaying brochures and selling holidays (Hudson et al 2001). Smaller tour operators were complaining that they were not getting a fair deal at the travel agents who were owned or linked to the larger operators. Integration both vertical and horizontal became more common with big tour operators after the Monopolies and Mergers Commission investigation into the travel industry. The outcome of the enquiry, which was announced in December 1997, effectively gave a green light to the big operators to go on their spending spree (Holloway 2002). 3.2.1 Cases of horizontal integration Horizontal integration is acquiring a company across the same level of chain distribution; the first focus of the major operators was on buying up other tour operators. Thomson bought smaller but profitable companies such as upmarket tour operator Simply Travel and Magic Travel Group. Airtours acquired companies such as Panorama Holidays while First Choice bought up medium-sized rival Unijet and long-haul specialist Hayes and Jarvis. Meanwhile, Thomas Cook bought Flying Colours Leisure Group, which operates Club 18-30 and Sunset Holidays and merged with Carlson Leisure Group (Sharpley 2002). After acquiring smaller tour operators the attention turned to securing distribution for the tour operators new, enlarged portfolio. Thomson acquired smaller, regional travel agent chains such as Scottish travel agency chain Sibbald Travel and South Wales chain The Travel House. Airtours bought up Travelworld and did a deal with an independent travel agency chain, Advantage Travel Centres, to sell its holidays through 350 of their branches. Thomas Cook literally doubled its travel agency chain overnight when it merged with Carlson Leisure Group and took over the Carlson Worldchoice (Holloway 2002). 3.2.2 Cases of Vertical integration Vertical integration is the common ownership of tour operator, airline and travel agent (or any two of these) it is a significant feature among the leading tour operators and travel agents and has increased in recent years. Prior to the late 1980s only Thompson among todays leading companies had been fully vertically integrated-with the purchase of its airline Britannia in 1965 and Lunn Poly in 1972 (Yale 1995:24-26). Among the leading organizations, the vertical integration picture is set out in appendix 1. 3.2.3 Impacts of horizontal and vertical integration on smaller independent operators In theory horizontal integration leads to economies of scale, this means that due to bulk purchases and shared marketing cost saving techniques are utilised. The cost savings enables tour operators to become more competitive, allowing it to develop better range of products at a cheaper rate (Yale 1995). Big tour operators have used integration as means of competitive strategy to gain greater immediate market shares as mentioned earlier in the report (See part 2.1.2 Thompson merger with Horizon). The vertically integrated groups now supply a large proportion of the tourism market. Vertically integrated operators have the market power to put competitors (especially smaller independent ones) at a disadvantage, for example in de racking or threatening to de rack their brochures in an attempt to negotiate larger commissions, by pressurising operators not to supply independent travel agents on better terms, or by pushing their own holidays through in house incentive schemes (Yale 1995). In many industries it is the role of small or medium size enterprises to develop new niche market segments, which if successful are taken over by larger organisations. This has certainly been the case in tour operating as the major groups have sought to diversify into higher yield specialist markets. In a report by Mintel (2001) the Association of Independent Tour Operators ruefully reflect that many of their former members are now part of larger vertically integrated groups. 3.2.4 Independent tour operator survival The keys to success are considered to be specialisation and exclusivity, with distinguishable niche products, and tailored personal service. These holidays are generally sold through direct sell advertising in newspapers and magazines, with high levels of repeat business and recommendation. However, AITO has also formed an alliance with independent retail agents under the banner of CARTA the Campaign for Real Travel Agents- who position themselves as genuine travel consultants as opposed to the holiday shops of the major groups. The big threat to the independents from the consolidation of tour operating is the fight for seat allocations. 4.0 Market Sizing Trends Despite the impact of the tragic events of 11th September 2001 on the outbound tourism market, expenditure overseas by UK residents (excluding fares), the number of UK residents visits overseas, and the number of nights spent overseas, all increased in 2001. The value of the outbound market including fares decreased in 2001, reflecting price pressure on fares as a result of increased competition (see appendix 2). This was accentuated by the development of low-cost airlines and the impact of 11th September. Prior to 11th September, the market was growing as it had since the Gulf War and the recession in 1991 (Keynote Travel Agents Overseas Tour Operators 2002). Keynote (2002) has stated that growth of outbound tourism from the UK has been greater than the world average during the 1990s. This is because Britons are getting better off. Many who could not previously afford overseas holiday can now do so. Also airfares are becoming less expensive, due mainly to competition and bigger airlines. There are also many other countries that are developing their tourist industry and the choice of where to go is getting bigger every year. Other trends included different channels of distribution such as the Internet and other forms of new media and digital technology.

Material Flow Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Material Flow Accounting - Essay Example These methods have proved popular at national levels following the new Think Green Trend which now seems to have taken over even the fiscal and monetary policy of the public and private sector and has often even been termed a system for integrated environmental and economic accounting. Browne (2005).The EIA and the EMS have proved to be very popular tools of the Environmental Impact Assessment strategies and the trend has so far not been restricted to the USA but many other jurisdictions are now changing their laws (particularly the EU) in order to be better able to reduce the stress on natural sources and the environmental impacts and increase the operating efficiency of certain firms which may otherwise be an environmental hazard. (Durrenberger, G., Hartmann, C.2002).The EIS is fast becoming a tool for An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and such a statement through the use of accounting techniques like the MFA and LCA(discussed down below will be used to give an assessment of the positive and/or negative environmental influences that a project may have on the environment. The statement will then identify and foresee the social and biological impacts ion the environment as a part of good practice and sometimes legal compulsion in many countries today to decide whether the project being undertaken is worth the damage it will have on the environment. ... (Fehily, Timoney & Co. 1999).To facilitate such as analysis two techniques have developed in the yester decades to provide a more technical prediction of the environmental cost and benefit analysis. (Fehily, Timoney & Co. 1999)Firstly there is the Material flow analysis (MFA) which will amalgamate the material flows with in a development transaction and will also calculate indicators and develop strategies and measures for improving material flow systems.Thus academic opinion has endorsed it a credible method of assuring the sustainability of industrial ecology along with the techniques of LCA ( life cycle assessment).The MFA will be used while making decisions in the EMS and EIS by capturing the mass balances in an economy or an upcoming development transaction , where inputs (extractions + imports) equal outputs (consumptions + exports+ accumulation + wastes), and will utilize the laws of Thermodynamics. (Fehily, Timoney & Co. 1999).This method facilitates the decision making proce ss in the Impact Assessment by recognizing that the total amount of matter and energy involved at each and every stage of the economic cycle is required for all economic activities. The pith and substance of the analysis thus becomes the query whether flow of materials is sustainable in terms of the environmental burden it creates. (Fehily, Timoney & Co. 1999). In an EIS statement the MFA will be used to minimize the flow of materials while maximizing the human welfare generated by the flow. This is because the MFA system is involved in the monitoring of wastes that are typically unaccounted for in traditional economic analyses. (Kahn, H., Brown, W., Martel, L. 1976). Similarly then we have the system for the life

Assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assigment - Essay Example Usually, people are advised to just get the form from the health-care facility that they are being treated in since they would have the standard Advance Directive Form that the state prescribes. All in all, it is safe, for people if they want to be extra careful to use the advance directive form drafted by the American Medical Association in conjunction with the American Association of Retired Persons and the American Bar Association. This form is a legally-binding documents in all states. The Form must also be filled in with at least two witnesses present. These witnesses must also satisfy specific requirements, which I should comply with. Healthcare staffs are well-versed in these areas so anybody in my position can expect help from them. In addition all of the entries therein must be comprehensively and correctly filled in. This is the reason why it is important to employ the help of an attorney to determine this â€Å"completeness.† An error in the document can be used as a legal ground to dispute my state of mind when the Form was completed and, hence, invite legal disputes later on. Living will and a health care power of attorney are two types of advance directives. The former is defined as the â€Å"document whose purpose is to specify the person’s end-of-life care instruction† and that â€Å"whether that end-of-life directive also includes the appointment of a health care proxy in a combination form will be specified in each reference.† (Cebuhar 2006, p. 43) The health care power-of-attorney, on the other hand, refers to the permission of the conveyance to the agent or proxy of one’s powers to make health care decisions upon loss of decision-making capacity and that it â€Å"can be used to request or refuse treatment, giving this legal instrument greater scope and power than the living will in most jurisdictions.† (Gallo and Reichel 1999, p. 816) Living will is important for me as a patient because it expresses my wishes on the future whether I

A global perspective on Philadelphia Community Based Organizations Essay

A global perspective on Philadelphia Community Based Organizations - Essay Example des safe, engaging and fun learning experiences to help children and youth develop their social, emotional, physical, cultural and academic skills† - Debbie Stabenow. â€Å"Afterschool is the time when young people discover their interests and strengths hat often lead to decisions they will make as adults. This program will truly impact the lives of this young people with profound and positive long- term benefits.† – Gina Warner; Executive Director Partnership for Youth Development. In most of the schools, the ringing of the 3 p.m. normally marks the end of school day activities for many students. This means that they can go home and play and the same time do whatever they please. The students end up engaging in activities that are not productive since they have no one to guide them. The parents who would have guided them are busy the same time either at work or pursuing further studies. In turn, this had led to the children going through a series of poor performance. The pupils also don’t have the time to develop their potential in terms of creativity (Old Pine Community Centre). The Old Pine Community Centre Afterschool Program plays the role of ensuring that the students done waste their time. This is through the provision of the essential services like the supervised and safe environment. It also provides healthy meals and snacks, academic enriching activities and supportive and caring mentors for the students. The children are also taken through exercises which ensure that they are healthy. These activities are provided to the children and family that need most the support. The services are also offered in a cost effective manner compared to the gains that the children get. The program provides the children with the clubs that enable them to interact and share their interests. The services offered are done through qualified personnel such as the counselor or the teachers. This ensures that the services are of quality and addresses the issues

Change Management at ExxonMobil

Change Management at ExxonMobil Introduction: The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate the change management policies of ExxonMobil Corporation with special of focus on. Factors influencing Exxon Mobil Cooperation. Alternative form of organizational development. effectiveness of Exxon Mobil strategy for managing change with in the organization . problems in managing change ExxonMobil is the largest publically traded energy company which evolve form small marketer of kerosene in regions of United States to the largest publically traded petrochemical and petroleum company/business in the world which operate in many parts of the world over a time period of 125 year. 1 ExxonMobile prepare product that which are as diverse as supplying petrochemical building blocks from which thousand of other products used by individual consumers are made to drive new generation of transportation, power cities and to lubricant industry. Today ExxonMobil is energy for growing economies and helping improve the standard of life throughout the world. ExxonMobil has build its structure on the structure on globalize basis and therefore its designed in itself allow ExxonMobil to compete in the best possible way in the dynamic market of energy industry worldwide and furthermore ExxonMobil always strive for and use innovative and changing technology to deliver its energy product which includes exploration, production and finally sell of crude oil, natural gas and petroleum product not only in United States but throughout the world . Task 1 Factors affecting and influencing Exxon Mobile is innovation and change strategy. Environmental awareness among public cause energy companies like ExxonMobil to work in a more responsible way due to increase expectation of public. Today competitive and informed world it is increasingly important and become a necessity for energy companies the change the way the use to conduct their operation and to strive for and achieve operational excellence with following areas are critical such ethical operations, safety of employees, environment , local community etc, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility, security, operations reliability , healthy and energy efficiency with good environmental performance, investment in environmentally sound together economically worthwhile projects. 2 Today environmentally concern and active atmosphere requires from energy companies especially from industry giants like ExxonMobil to not only follow law and regulations in later and spirit as minimum but go beyond and comply an uphold high standard even to place/areas where there is no particular legal requirement. Therefore it is increasingly important for energy companies especially big names like ExxonMobil to not only achieve good results but also look at the means of achieving those results and develop uphold high ethical standard with strong controls in business and practical approach and actions regarding corporate governance and social responsibility. 2 Energy market is traditionally and by its very nature is significantly different from other business as here decision are made for the future as long as as decade ahead instead months or years in other business and therefore decision making require formal and discipline, organize approach . Innovation and continuous change in technology is essential in todays energy industry as through technological innovation new opportunities are created by delivering least cost solutions development which is vital for success in this dynamic and competitive environment together with this technological innovation and change is vital and for improving performance as well. Operating a one global functional organization is one of most significant challenge which todays organization faces with common standard process and culture of one corporation generate significant competitive advantage and finding new ways to increase cooperation and working one big global functional organization is important factor to consider when making change and innovation strategy. Extraordinary performance of any organization will always depend on the performance people working in it. Therefore any change and innovation strategy must take into account human factors and try to attract and retain outstanding people. Contributing to community in which business is operating is also important factor and therefore must be consider when making strategy for change as it give positive image of an organization which is important asset. The ultimate aim of any business to make profit and therefore any strategy must take into account the financial worth of different measures to be taken. Global reduction in demand for energy due to recession and other reason create additional pressure on our industry. Leaders around the world are discussing importance of climate change policies which create significant legislative un certainties which would have significant and huge long term impact every one using developing or using energy. The fact is, government and private-sector assessments of the worlds energy needs consistently highlight the certainty of rising demand over time. As the world grows and economies develop, future demand for energy will grow dramatically. The International Energy Agency and many others predict that the worlds total energy demand will grow by 35 percent in 2030 versus the demand in 2005, even after factoring in the current economic slowdown. 2 Task 2: Bureaucracy is a way of organising work in which people are treated as interchangeable and replaceable cogs to fill specialised roles. Two key features of bureaucracy are hierarchy and a specialised division of labour. Other characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy are rules which describe the duties of members, a set of standard operating procedures, and impersonal relations between members. In a model bureaucracy, initiatives and policy directions come only from the top echelons. Work in carrying out policies is done at the lower levels within the guidelines set from above. Most large modern organisations are bureaucratic in form: government departments, corporations, political parties, churches and trade unions. None of these real organisations are pure bureaucracies. For example, initiatives and policy directions in political parties and trade unions sometimes come from the rank and file. The main demerit of bureaucratic organizations includes lack of innovation. All the processes and tasks are so much fixed that the innovation process is almost eliminated in bureaucratic organizations. Employees get demotivated because of lesser employee participation and involvement. HR cant be utilized in the fullest manner by optimizing creativity which is the prime disadvantage in bureaucratic structure of the organizations. Advantages include the increased control and monitoring of upper level management. The success of the organizations depend upon the wise decisions of top management. If the top management is good, then results can be favorable and if the top management is not good then it can result in disaster. Task 3 Importance of change strategy for ExxonMobil and Potential problems : Now that we had look at the various factor affecting and influencing the change and innovation strategy now we would look at the importance of change to ExxonMobil. There is never been more importance and need for energy industry to think ahead and formed strategies which are essential to address the difficult challenges that this industry face and improve the efficiency of value chain of entire energy industry. In todays increasingly environmentally conscious and concern environment energy companies are not only expected by but required to show more commitment to safety, security, health and of course the environment/ climate in order to not only survive but achieve superior results. And therefore Exxon has to change the way industry work in past and develop new and innovative approach to things. Potential problem from changing the manner in which energy business use to operate will be most importantly cost as new approach to things required financial and other resource. ExxonMobil is in operation since past 125 years and its would be very challenging to difficult to change the culture and manner in which it work in past such as bringing safety and health concerns embedded in the culture in of ExxonMobil would require lots of efforts training and commitment from senior management and middle management. The energy industry is has the most important role to play as it has played in past (by providing significant tax revenue to governments, providing huge employment and increase share holders value )in the development of not only national economies but global development. The potential problems are legislature and people are taking energy industry as source of additional tax revenue which is though short term view which will restrict growth in long term and so that new jobs and high energy cost for consumers. The oil and gas is expected to remain primary source of energy and expected that almost 60% of energy supply of world till 2030 will be through oil and gas. Although there is enough oil reserve according to source there are four trillion barrels of oil and gas reservoirs are present around the world but problems with their extraction as only one trillion is extracted till now Therefore there is still significant amount challenges ahead in terms of scale of efforts and technological deployment required and required for long term not for years and months but decade and generations as this new supply of energy will come from thousands of mile away or thousands of feet below the sea level, so to keep energy supply stable international energy agency estimate that an investment of 25 trillion dollars required . There is another problem associated with the energy demand and finally is the environmental impact on increase energy as carbon dioxide emission of the world is increasing by an average on one percent per year. The continues improvement of operations will not only result in result in fueling the economic growth in this turbulent time but also meet the future need s of energy product. There is huge demand of energy in future expected and therefore this demand will create opportunities for energy companies to develop new source of energy and improve their existing operation to improve efficiency. The problem with improving efficiency is that it require financial resource and with measure taken by governments to increase tax on energy products limiting its ability to invest in improvement of its operations but energy industry must continue to improver their safety and reliability of operation with efficiency of its plants and increase shareholders return. Task 4 Issues encountered during implementation of change Exxon mobile has an effective strategies to deal with the problem arises as a result change and innovation strategies takes place. ExxonMobil responded on setting high standards for operation through its operation integrity management systems which provide a framework to ensure its operation safe and according to standard set.In past there were very few incident with very rate of work related injuries and illness show effectiveness of its safety strategy in past. ExxonMobil reduce its corporate wide lost time incident rate by setting priorities, measuring progress and holding people accountable Exxon has given particular importance to operational efficiency in past and therefore they can claim that operational efficiency in build in deep inside in their culture Operations safety and integrity are central to the successful execution of ExxonMobils business strategies. The objective of operational excellence is embedded in our company culture and drives continuous improvements in all areas of our business. ExxonMobil has developed a wide range of management and operating systems that address critical aspects of our business, including: ethics, safety, corporate governance, security, health, environmental performance, operations reliability, business controls, project investment and execution, energy efficiency, profit improvement, and external affairs. The disciplined application of these management and operating systems, deployed through our functional organization, has consistently delivered superior result. Operate in a Safe and Environmentally Responsible Manner ExxonMobils long-term safety performance leads the industry. Its commitment to safety, security, health, and the environment creates a solid foundation for superior results inall aspects of our business. ExxonMobils senior management and employees are committed to the goal of creating an incident-free workplace, and our culture reflects this objective. ExxonMobil drives improvement in environmental performance with the goal of reducing incidents with real environmental impact to zero. i t conduct business using an approach that is compatible with both the environmental and economic needs of the communities in which we operate. ExxonMobil has developed a wide range of management and operating systems that address critical aspects of our business, including: ethics, safety, corporate governance,  security, health, environmental performance, operations reliability, business controls, project investment and execution, energy efficiency, profit improvement, and external  affairs. The disciplined application of these management and operating systems, deployed through our functional organization, has consistently delivered superior result Uphold High Standards ExxonMobil adheres to all applicable laws and regulations as a minimum standard, and, when requirements do not exist, they apply responsible standards to their day to day operations. Which shows believe that a well-founded reputation for high ethical  standards, strong business controls, and good corporate governance is a priceless corporate asset. This means that how they give importantance to achieve results is as important as the results themselves. They choose the course of highest integrity in all of their business interactions. Directors, officers, and employees must comply with their Standards of  Business Conduct. Invest with Discipline The energy industry is a long-term business that requires decisions to be made with a time horizon that is measured in decades, rather than months or years, and that spans multiple business cycles. Projects are tested over a range of economic scenarios to ensure that risks are properly identified, evaluated, and managed. This approach enables superior investment returns through the business cycle. ExxonMobil proven project management system incorporates best practices developed around the world. Emphasis on theearly phases of concept selection and effective project execution results in investments that maximize resource and asset value. ExxonMobil complete a rigorous reappraisal of all major projects and incorporate learnings into future project planning and design, further strengthening our capabilities. Differentiate with Proprietary Technology Technology is vital to meeting the worlds growing demand for energy. ExxonMobil has a long-standing commitment to fundamental research to develop and grow our technical capabilities and to deliver advantaged technologies for all of our businesses. ExxonMobil have a wide array of research programs designed to meet the needs identified in their functional businesses. Over the past five years, ExxonMobil have invested more than $4 billion in research and development. ExxonMobil global functional organization enables rapid deployment of new technologies to ensure early value capture. 2 It is also important to create and support a culture where every employee and contractor understands he or she must take part in creating a safe workplace. For instance, ExxonMobil refineries in Beaumont and in Joliet, Illinois, they have worked to achieve OSHA recognition as Star sites in OSHAs Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). 2 ExxonMobil commitment to safety also yields benefits reflected in the bottom line especially important in these challenging economic times. A safe workplace is a more productive one. operational excellence refers to a constant focus on improving efficiency, a more efficient operation yields numerous benefits, including lower costs and fewer emissions. In terms of identifying energy savings at ExxonMobil, their Global Energy Management System has proven to be one of their most important tools for bringing about positive, long-term change. This initiative helps identify potential energy efficiencies in their operations, and allows them to use resources more effectively, ultimately reducing e energy usage and emissions from theri operations. This energy efficiency program began by tapping knowledge from their best operations around the globe. We looked at every link in the energy chain, documented their best practices and then applied those lessons to their worldwide operations. Each day, as part of this initiative, they track more than 12,000 energy variables worldwide, using them to improve both individual plants and global operations. Since 2000, they have identified $1.5 billion in potential efficiency savings, approximately 60 percent of which have now been captured. 2 One of ExxonMobil most important energy efficiency stories is one that is critically important to refining cogeneration. ExxonMobil currently have interests in approximately 100 cogeneration plants in more than 30 facilities around the world. Their latest expansion in Antwerp, Belgium, inaugurated a 125-megawatt cogeneration facility. That new plant will reduce Belgiums carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 200,000 tonnes per year. Leveraging Scale and Integration There are also opportunities for refiners to capture efficiency benefits from world-scale, integrated manufacturing sites. At ExxonMobil, more than 75 percent of their refining capacity is integrated with either their lubes or chemical businesses or in some cases, both. These integrated operations allow us to optimize manufacturing processes, lower costs and improve product yields. Integration also brings significant circuit synergies. ExxonMobil global network of reliable and efficient manufacturing plants, transportation systems, and distribution centers enable them to provide fuels, lubricants, and other high-value products to customers in more than 100 countries and territories. their global supply organization directs raw materials to their refineries, finding the most efficient processing configuration and determining the best way to supply products to their customers around the world. Every day, this network lowers costs and optimizes overall supply chain performance. ExxonMobil also think it is important to find ways to improve product yields and increase feedstock flexibility. their refineries currently have 40 percent more conversion capacity than the industry average, allowing to produce more, higher-value products per barrel of crude processed. In fact, since 2003, they have added about 90,000 barrels per day of additional conversion capacity to refineries effectively adding one new conversion unit to facilities every two years. In addition, by using proprietary Molecule Management technology ExxonMobil continue to grow raw material flexibility. As part of this program, they have developed molecular fingerprinting technology that enables themto better understand of the key characteristics of a crude well beyond its physical characteristics, right down to its chemical and molecular makeup. This, in turn, has allowed them to make a step-change improvement in crude selections that maximize yields of higher-value products, while at the same time increasing utilization of new and lower cost crudes. In fact, last year they processed 150 crudes new to individual refineries. 2 Long-term Investments This brings me to a key point of investing through the business cycle. ExxonMobil, believe that to be successful long term, they must continue to invest to sustain competitiveness regardless of business conditions. ExxonMobil know that in the long run, demand for energy and for refined products will grow and to meet future demand, they must act now and invest capital and human ingenuity into expanding supplies and increasing efficiency. That is why they continue to invest in improvements and new projects, even during these challenging times. ExxonMobil announce late last year regarding significant investments to increase production of low-sulfur diesel. We plan to spend more than $1 billion to expand their refineries in Texas, Louisiana, and Belgium, to meet the growing demand for low-sulfur diesel. When completed next year, these expansions will increase diesel production by approximately 6 million gallons a day the equivalent to the diesel produced from about four average sized refineries. With these expansions ExxonMobil is taking steps not just to meet that demand but will be meeting growing demand with a more advanced, cleaner-burning fuel. 2 Any discussion of demand growth in developing countries must include Asia Pacific. Between 2005 and 2030, we expect total liquids demand to grow about 2 percent per year in this dynamic region. This translates to an increase of 65 percent by 2030. Refiners will need to move aggressively to meet that demand growth. Next month ExxonMobil will participate in a celebration marking the completion of the Fujian Petroleum and Petrochemical Complex, a joint venture between Sinopec, the Fujian Province in China, Saudi Aramco, and ExxonMobil. This expanded facility will process 240 thousands of barrels per day of crude, and includes a 250-megawatt cogeneration facility. But even with this ambitious project in place, more capacity will be needed as energy demand soars around the world. Investing in technology for the future Interestingly, some people do not realize that the oil and gas industry is a high-tech industry! But the best hope for addressing the enormous dual challenge of meeting growing energy demand while mitigating emissions is through development and deployment of new advanced technologies. Developing and deploying promising technologies requires long-term thinking, focus, and disciplined investments the same fundamentals that have driven our businesses for more than 100 years. ExxonMobils more recent technology developments. One of their technology focus areas directly relates to consumers our work on advanced vehicle technologies . In the worlds massive transportation sector, even tiny improvements in efficiency can yield impressive benefits to both consumers and society. As an example, their energy-saving plastics are making vehicles lighter, and their improved tire inner liners help reduce tire weight and keep them inflated longer, which is important for fuel economy. They have also developed lower viscosity lubricants like Mobil 1 Advanced Fuel Economy which can improve fuel economy by up to two percent versus motor oils most commonly used. To put that savings in perspective, if one-third of U.S. motorists reduce their gasoline consumption by two percent, it would prevent the emission of about 8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year, which would have the same effect as taking about 1.5 million cars off the road. ExxonMobil are also improving vehicle-battery technologies. In 2007, ExxonMobil unveiled new separator filmsNaN, developed by their chemical company, for lithium-ion batteries. These films have the potential to improve the energy efficiency and affordability of next generation hybrid electric vehicles. If just 10 percent of the light-duty vehicle fleets were hybrids, the resulting carbon-dioxide reduction would be equal to taking five million cars off the road. 2 And finally, ExxonMobil scientists and engineers are working with those from other industries on a breakthrough technology that could advance the use of hydrogen fuel cellsNaN. This new technology, which has been under development for more than a decade, will be applied first to industrial applications, such as forklifts. their approach quite different than most converts traditional hydrocarbon fuels, such as gasoline, into hydrogen directly on-board the vehicle, eliminating the need for separate facilities to produce and distribute hydrogen. Measured on a well-to-wheels basis, this on-board hydrogen fuel system could be up to 80 percent more fuel-efficient, and emit 45 percent less carbon dioxide, than internal-combustion engines. ExxonMobil is also investing in integrated solutions that could be even more transformative. In 2002, ExxonMobil launched the Global Climate and Energy ProjectNaN in concert with Stanford University. Along with our co-sponsors General Electric, Schlumberger, and Toyota, we are investing $225 million at Stanford and other leading institutions around the world to research and develop truly game-changing technologies. Our goal is to bring together some of the worlds best scientific and engineering minds to perform fundamental scientific research research that can redefine the field. Conclusion Few industries are more instrumental to economic growth and development than the energy industry. And in the years ahead, the role energy industry play in meeting the worlds increasing energy needs will only grow. Looking at current economic challenges, ExxonMobil must maintain our commitment to safety, reliability, and continuous improvement in our operations. And finally, the worlds shared energy challenges will require long-term planning and a steadfast commitment to develop and deploy new technologies that meet multiple objectives. A commitment to innovative thinking and deployment of new technologies will expand energy supplies, increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions all helping to keep people, communities and nations safe and prosperous. Not only will these strategies ensure ExxonMobil return value to shareholders, they will be key to economic growth and increasing opportunity for all. References ExxonMobil, 2010. Financial and Operating review. London, ExxonMobil {online} Available at http://ir.exxonmobil.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=115024p=irol- reportsOther (Last Access 19th July 2010) ExxonMobil, 2010. Annual Report. London, ExxonMobil {online} Available at http://ir.exxonmobil.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=115024p=irol-reportsOther (Last Access 19th July 2010) Anna Nagurney: Supply Chain Network Economics: Dynamics of Prices, Flows, and Profits, Edward Elgar Publishing, Strahan, David, 2008. :The last oil shock :a survival guide to the imminent extinction of petroleum man, London, John Murray, 2008. Robert, Paul, 2005: The end of oil :the decline of the petroleum economy and the rise of a new energy order, London. Bloomsbury, 2005. Julia,balogun. : Exploring Strategic Change David Buchanan :Power politic and organization change Research paper and Journal Articles Reviewed by me Risking Investor Value ? ExxonMobil and Climate change by Mark mansley LAGS FAR BEHIND paper on 17 leading institutional investor want meeting with ExxonMobil board. Website used Source: {online} http://www.exxonmobil.com/corporate/ Available at 20th July 2010 Source: {online} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExxonMobil Available at 20th July 2010 Source: {online} http://www.climatechangecorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=4859 Available at 20th July 2010 Source: {online} http://www.soxfirst.com/50226711/exxon_mobil_climate_change_and_the_reputation_wars.php Available at 20th July 2010 Source: {online} http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/exxon-mobil-management Available at 20th July 2010

The Partiality Of Wholeness :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Religious people believe in the existence of a supreme being. It has many attributes but two of the most striking are that it seems to both encompass and to pervade everything. Judaic sources are in the habit of saying that we all have a "share of the upper divine soul". Put more formally, we can say that we are both part of a Whole and permeated by it. But what are the relationships between the parts and the Whole? They could be either formal (a word in a sentence, for instance) or physical (a neurone in our brain, for instance). A formal relationship entails an impairment of the truth value of a sentence / proposition / theorem / syllogism with the removal of one or more of its parts. As a result, a part could be reconstructed to fit into an impaired Whole once the formal relationships (and the derivative truth value) are known. Things are pretty much the same in the physical realm: the removal of the part renders the Whole - NOT Whole (in the functional sense, in the structural sense, or in both senses). A part is immediately discernible: it is always smaller (size, mass, weight) than the Whole and it always possesses the potential to contribute to the functioning / role of the Whole. The part need not be active to qualify as a part - yet, it requires the potential to be active to do so. In other words : the Whole is defined by its parts - their sum, their synergy, their structure, their functions. Even where epiphenomena occur - it is inconceivable to deal with them without resorting to some discussion of the parts in their relationships with the Whole. But the parts are also defined by their context, by the Whole. It is by observing their place in the hyperstructure, interactions with other parts and general function of the Whole that we can assign the title ("parts") to them. There are no parts without a Whole. In this sense, it seems that parts and Wholes are nothing but language conventions, a way that we chose to describe the world that was compatible with our evolutionary and survival goals and with our sensory input. If this is so, then, being defined by each other, parts and Wholes are inefficient, cyclical, recursive, in short: tautological modes of relating to the world.

How the Octopus Close Season Affected Women’s Life in Rodrigues Essay

Rodrigues is a 108 square kilometre, volcanic originated island, located in the Indian Ocean at around 600 kilometres at the east of the mainland Mauritius. It is surrounded by coral reef forming a lagoon with a rich biodiversity, which as twice the size of the land It was formerly known as the tenth district of Mauritius, up to the 10th of December 2002, where it attained the status of autonomy, governed by the Rodrigues Regional Assembly. The economy is mainly based on traditional fishing, low-scale farming, handicraft and an emerging tourism sector. One of the most common means of traditional fishing, is the famous octopus catch, which is mainly done by the Rodriguan women, known here as the â€Å"piqueuse d’ourite†. This is done at low tide where the fisherman equipped with iron rods, pace up and down the coral barrier, in search of a hole where nests the mollusc. The new government elected in February this year, expressed the wish to consolidate sustainable developments and protect local resources, for food security and protection of the environment. In this connection a regulation was adopted by the Rodrigues Regional Assembly in July 2012 for the closure of octopus catch season as from August 2012 to October 2012. This program is a joint collaboration financed by Smartfish and the Rodrigues Regional assembly. Smartfish is a regional programme financed by the European Union and is implemented by the Indian Ocean Commission in collaboration with the Common Market for Eastern and southern Africa (COMESA) , the east African community (EAC) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development ( IGAB). The Octopus fishers were called for a half day work in the interest of the environment against remuneration in order for them to cope with the loss of earnings. The fisherwoman at the beginning of the project found a lot of difficulties to adapt with it. They used to sell their octopus on days where they go fishing and hence handling money in small quantities, spread over several days. In the program they were paid after a week of work. They found much trouble to wait for the pay and had to adapt themselves to a new form of budgeting and a new form of saving in order to meet expenses for the coming days before next payment. For example Mrs Cupidon of Baladirou, a professional fisherwoman, who use to earn around Rs 300 each time she goes fishing, uses go to the nearby shop everyday where she buys food for the day and keeps around Rs 25 rupees to pay the electricity bill at the end of the month. Now being paid after a week forced her to seek for credit and pay after one week, it has been hard for her to persuade the shop owner to grant her such service. Locating an octopus in the sea is reserved to expert eyes and intuition. Since young age many â€Å" piqueuse d’ourite† have been initiated to the skill of locating the octopus’s next, to tackle it in order to force it out of its hiding place and to kill it in such a way as to avoid being hurt by the mollusc. When, they are called to exert a new profession such as to build stone retaining walls, many of them were in trouble and could not adapt themselves. Moreover it was the first time in their lives where they were placed below the supervision of a superior, where they had to be punctual and abide to the principles expected from a public worker. Many supervisors also xpressed the obstacles they had to overcome to make them respected and to impose laid principles. At a time during the programme cycle, there was a delay for payment, which had consequent and dramatic impulses on the lives of these fisherwomen. Being not used to keep savings, many of them found themselves without food. Formerly a part of their catch was kept for own consumption, but with this program they consumed only food bought from the shop. There were also absentees at school due to the fact that many women were penny less and could not provide for basic daily needs of their children. In this project, the one who benefitted the most were the fisherwoman themselves who after the opening of the season found their catch being multiplied, where the volume and size of octopus was highly satisfactory, to the point that actually they are keen for the government to repeat the project this year. The venture of this government to implement this program is to be greatly saluted as it goes in the direction of sustainable development. However some measures have to be tuned and re-adapted to suit the peculiarity of the way of living of the fisherwomen and decisions should be taken with their full collaboration.

Effective Editing and Proofreading General Strategies

Effective Editing and Proofreading General Strategies Editing and Proofreading Strategies So, the final version of the paper is written and it seems that the work is done. Is it really? Writing is a complex process that requires specific skills and abilities. It is very difficult to make a good piece of writing on the first try. As a result, even the final version of the paper requires thorough revision. Paper revision process includes two main activities, which are editing and proofreading. Their aim is to find the smallest grammar, punctuation, and spelling mistakes, as well as flaws in grammar structure, style, word choice, etc. The following article will provide you with useful tips on effective editing and proofreading. Editing Editing is a process of tracing and correcting mistakes. For this reason, it is crucial for the writer to know typical mistakes, as well as implement strategies for finding them. Editing tips for writers include: The best way to trace errors is to read the paper aloud. Do not hurry up. Read each sentence slowly and attentively. Correct any mistakes you find. After reading each sentence separately, read the whole paper once more. Concentrate on the parts that seem awkward and correct them. If you have enough time, do not revise your paper at once. Do it the next day after writing. It will help you get a new insight into your writing and improve your paper. One by one! While editing, it is recommended to read only one sentence at a time. It will give you a possibility to evaluate it better and see whether it sounds weird, whether it is what you wanted to say and whether it is relevant to the topic. Typical errors It is not a secret that people tend to make the same mistakes over and over again. If spelling is your weak side, pay more attention to it. If grammar is the problem, concentrate on it. Make a list of common mistakes and address them each time when you are writing a paper. Pay attention to punctuation and grammar rules. It is clear that you will not be able to learn all the grammar and punctuation rules by heart. However, if you do not know the rule, it does not mean you do not have to follow it. If you doubt that you are right in some instances, consult a grammar book! Proofreading Proofreading is the final step on your way to submitting a high-quality paper. Therefore, it is not less important than editing! This activity helps to spot random errors and correct them. Proofreading includes the following steps: Reader, not a writer. Read your paper as if it was written by someone else. Do you find it understandable and logical enough? Step-by-step reading. Read the paper very carefully. Look for typos and other errors. Backwards reading. Start reading information on a page from bottom to the top and from left to right. This strategy helps to identify typographical and spelling errors faster.

What can the U.S. president do to help or hinder the economy and thus the well

What can the U.S. president do to help or hinder the economy and thus the well Macroeconomics concerns the understanding of economic factors that result to fluctuations of national income in the short-run and in the long run. There the field involves an aggregation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), price indices and unemployment levels in the country.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on What can the U.S. president do to help or hinder the economy and thus the well-being? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since macroeconomics has the national income as its basis, the government plays a key role in providing an enabling or disabling environment for other sectors of the economy. The president who appoints a qualified and loyal team to help run it leads government. They include treasury and departmental heads of various government institutions. The government affects business cycles that alter the national income in two ways, by fiscal policy and monetary policy. The president of the United States p lays an important role in formulating the government’s strategy of fiscal policy, which is the main source of government revenue and impacts directly to the aggregate demand in the economy. The government uses fiscal policy to direct spending in a certain sector of the economy. For example, reducing taxes charged on certain products will theoretically result to an increased consumption of the product, all other factors remaining constant. While the tax policy affects the level of demand, government may also alter the focus on spending in the economy and how resources are allocated. In order to reduce the unemployment rates in the economy, the president may direct his government to take actions that lead to a reduction on capital expenditures in favor of labor-intensive investments. This achievable using tax rebates for economic sectors and corporations employ a large number of workers in the economy such as the Detroit motor industry. The U.S. government spends money it colle cts from the economy by financing several national and regional sectors such as public education, healthcare, infrastructure development and security. The amount of spending for a given in the specific sector of the economy depends on the directive of the president as the leader of government.Advertising Looking for term paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Massive spending on infrastructure inspires innovation in the private sectors as introduces costs of doing business and increases the competitiveness of the given sector. On the other hand, an increased military spending at the expense of other development sectors of the economy drains aggregate demand in the economy and leads to a stagnation of most industry that may even cause a recession on the overall economy. Other than taxes, the state will obtain funds from deficit financing and this impact on the available money in the economy that is left to finance other development and trade of the private sector. When deficit financing is through borrowing from bonds and treasury-bills then it serves as a withdrawal of funds from other uses in the economy to finance government spending. When the withdrawal is excess, it leads to a decreased supply of money in the economy and therefore the price equilibrium of the cost of credit shifts upwards. It becomes increasingly expensive to obtain credit that forms the lifeline of business transactions. The president leads the government intention of providing a robust environment for the private sector to thrive and as a result increase the national income. Monetary policy of the government determines the rate of money supply in the economy. The president will seek to increase the supply of money in the economy is in a recession to prompt businesses to expand and thus reduce the levels of unemployment. The money supply in the economy may be increased by lowering interest rates. This mandate is given to the federal reserve bank that works in close relationship with the state headed by the president.

Reflective Log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Reflective Log - Essay Example What it takes to come up with rules and regulations to cater for the every dying environment. Moreover, this reflection log is my personal statement regarding the course material. Environmental management is very significant. By appreciating what is around us, we gain the understanding of nature and thus implement policies to protect the environment. Moreover, we are able to come up with environmental laws that are not only meant to govern one nation, but they are universal for the entire globe. However, environmental management and laws differ from one region to another. Furthermore, the difference is for the good of the surrounding. On the other hand, the course has enabled me to recognize that each and every one is responsible for taking care of the environment. The participants of environmental management are not only those who come up with the rules and regulations, but everyone because our future generation’s quality of life will be dependent upon the current measures implemented to protect the environment. In addition, the core values in environment based upon creating shared value, standards and monitoring is very essential for environmental sustainability and management. This implies that before coming up with these values, it is of importance to recognize and evaluate the issues affecting the environment. More so, appreciate the current issues for instance, how the transport sector can be improved to avoid endangering the environment. Furthermore, to assess the global environmental challenges towards sustainable environmental sustainability. Therefore, without doubts, environmental management is very essential for the progress of a nation and the entire globe. In conclusion, this course has enriched the level of my knowledge academically. I have gained critical thinking skills on how to analyze to view a problem and come up with the solutions. Additionally, I am more informed than ever on all that pertains

Sales management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Sales management - Essay Example To make matters worse, various selling jobs in the same organization can involve very different tasks and the tasks may vary between organizations in the same industry (1996). Thus, to give a clear picture of what is expected out of new hires, sales training is important. To explain the personal and professional characteristics necessary for a successful sales career: New hires expect to know the growth path in the organization and also the requirements to progress on the growth path. Sales training involves the training on aspects such as personal characteristics attitude, role perception, skill refinement and professionalism which chart the progress of employees on growth path. To enthuse the new employee to pick-up quickly: A new employee is often uncertain of the environment/culture and working of the organization. Hence, it is important to enthuse the new employee with a training which will clear his doubts about the working and climb the learning curves speedily. To motivate the employees: One of the biggest challenges employers face is keeping staff morale high and enthusiasm up. Sales trainings will not only improve the knowledge base of the employees but add to the feeling that they are valued. This will result in making their sales call more effective, and also increasing their confidence & earning potential (Penistone 2002) . To impart the latest tactics or knowledge on current/ future market practices: The market place keeps evolving and competitors keep coming up with new ideas which should be either countered or emulated in an effort to stay in the race. With the daily routine job, sales people often miss to keep a tab on new and famous in the market. Hence, sales training is important to teach the existing employees the latest tactics in sales. To encourage specialization: Sales trainings, if carefully crafted, encourage sales persons to choose a line of sales